Wei Wang

Author    Correspondence author
Biological Evidence, 2026, Vol. 16, No.   
Received: 01 Jan., 1970    Accepted: 01 Jan., 1970    Published: 29 Jun., 2026

Winter wheat is one of the major food crops in the world and plays an important role in ensuring global food security. However, extreme weather events and water shortages caused by climate change have created serious challenges for winter wheat production. The water demand of winter wheat changes greatly at different growth stages. Water demand is highest during the jointing-booting stage and grain filling stage, while the demand is relatively low during winter dormancy. Water deficit can cause stomatal closure and reduced transpiration, which further suppresses photosynthesis and accelerates leaf senescence. Combined high-temperature and drought stress can shorten the grain filling period and reduce thousand-grain weight. Improving water use efficiency (WUE) is the key to achieving both high yield and water saving. The rational use of deep soil water, efficient regulation of photosynthesis, and stress “memory” mechanisms can enhance the drought resistance of wheat. This study systematically reviews the physiological basis, cultivation technologies, and breeding progress of water-saving and high-yield cultivation of winter wheat under climate change conditions. It also discusses future development directions by combining digital agriculture and regional practices, providing references for coping with climate change and water resource crises.