Weiying  Gao^1,2

1 Tongxiang Lukang Chrysanthemum Industry Co., Ltd., Tongxiang 314501, Zhejiang, China
2 Zhejiang Agronomist College, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
Author    Correspondence author
Bioscience Methods, 2026, Vol. 17, No. 2   
Received: 20 Jan., 2026    Accepted: 24 Feb., 2026    Published: 08 Mar., 2026

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Hangbaiju (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. ‘Hangbaiju’) is both a traditional specialty crop and an edible, flower-based product whose market value depends on aesthetics, aroma, safety, and consumer trust. In many production bases, pest and disease pressure is increasing and is amplifying the tension between yield protection and residue-reduction goals. Chemical control often provides rapid suppression, but repeated use can destabilize greenhouse or field agroecosystems, erode beneficial microbial and arthropod communities, and raise social and regulatory concerns-especially for a flower that is harvested and directly infused as tea. This study synthesizes recent evidence on biological control technologies relevant to Hangbaiju production, with emphasis on what is practical in field deployment rather than what works only in controlled laboratory settings. The scope covers (i) microbial-based tools, including antagonistic bacteria/fungi and plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria; (ii) botanical pesticides and plant-derived insecticides; and (iii) utilization of natural enemies, with both augmentative releases (where feasible) and conservation biological control (habitat and resource management). This study then evaluates reported field/production-scale outcomes using comparable endpoints such as disease or pest suppression, stability across time, compatibility with cultivation operations, and likely economic implications, while avoiding any fabricated datasets. A case-driven synthesis is built around two documented problem windows in Hangbaiju systems: the bloom-stage contamination risk from chrysanthemum aphids (Macrosiphoniella sanborni) and the recurring soil-borne wilt complex affecting chrysanthemum production. The evidence consistently suggests that integrated approaches—especially those combining preventive microbial inputs, selective botanicals, and strategies that protect or enhance natural enemies—tend to outperform single-method interventions in robustness and practical adoptability.

Chrysanthemum morifolium; Biological control; Field application; Effect evaluation; Green agriculture