Guoping Yang^1,2

1 Hangzhou Xiaoshan Daozhihong Family Farm, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
2 Zhejiang Agronomist College, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
Author    Correspondence author
Computational Molecular Biology, 2026, Vol. 16, No. 2   
Received: 13 Feb., 2026    Accepted: 20 Mar., 2026    Published: 03 Apr., 2026

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Wheat yield formation is a complex physiological process jointly regulated by genetic traits, environmental conditions, and agricultural management practices. This study systematically investigates the effects of different management strategies on wheat yield components, including spike number, grains per spike, and thousand-grain weight. By integrating multiple management scenarios such as fertilization intensity, irrigation regimes, and planting density adjustments, the responses of yield formation processes were analyzed in terms of growth dynamics, component interactions, and regional variability. The results indicate that fertilization primarily influences spike development and grain setting, while water availability significantly regulates biomass accumulation and yield stability. Planting density further modulates population structure, leading to trade-offs among yield components. Significant coupling relationships were observed among spike number, grain number, and grain weight, suggesting a coordinated but competitive allocation mechanism. Statistical modeling revealed that management practices exert both direct and indirect effects on final yield through yield component mediation. Moreover, regional analysis highlights that climatic and soil conditions amplify or constrain management effectiveness. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of how integrated agronomic practices shape wheat yield formation and offer theoretical support for optimizing high-yield and stable production systems under diverse agroecological conditions.

Wheat yield components; Management practices; Fertilization; Irrigation; Yield modeling