Jianbo Lü^1,2

1 Yuyao City Kean Family Farm, Yuyao, 345400, Zhejiang, China
2 Zhejiang Agronomist College, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
Author    Correspondence author
Computational Molecular Biology, 2026, Vol. 16, No. 5   
Received: 22 Jul., 2026    Accepted: 28 Aug., 2026    Published: 10 Sep., 2026

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed and economic crop, and its growth, yield formation, and quality are strongly influenced by cultivation conditions. This review summarizes the effects of different cultivation practices, including planting density, water management, and nutrient regulation, on peanut agronomic traits, physiological processes, and molecular responses. The mechanisms underlying photosynthetic regulation, root system adaptation, stress defense, and metabolic adjustment under diverse environmental conditions are discussed. Furthermore, advances in molecular approaches, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and integrated multi-omics analysis, are highlighted to elucidate the regulatory networks involved in peanut environmental adaptation. A comprehensive evaluation framework combining phenotypic traits, physiological indicators, molecular responses, and predictive modeling is proposed. A case study focusing on water and fertilizer management demonstrates the interactions between cultivation practices, agronomic performance, and molecular regulation. Future perspectives emphasize the integration of precision agriculture, molecular breeding, and intelligent management strategies to improve resource-use efficiency, stress resilience, and sustainable peanut production.

Peanut; Cultivation conditions; Agronomic traits; Molecular regulation; Precision agriculture