Kaiwen Liang

Agri-Products Application Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resouces, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
Author    Correspondence author
Journal of Energy Bioscience, 2025, Vol. 16, No. 1   
Received: 08 Dec., 2024    Accepted: 12 Jan., 2025    Published: 27 Jan., 2025

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This study focuses on the role of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in providing energy to cells, and also talks about its structure, mode of action, and how it is controlled. ATP is synthesized in the mitochondria of cells, specifically by something called F-ATP synthase, which is produced in an aerobic environment. This process requires the proton driving force provided by the respiratory chain. The ratio of ATP to ADP in cells is critical, and it affects many cellular activities, such as the activation of certain enzymes and the use of energy. The activity of ATP synthase is affected by ADP, ATP itself, and calcium ions. These factors are important for cells to maintain energy balance and can also regulate mitochondrial function. Another key player is AMP kinase (AMPK). It can "sense" the energy situation of the cell and regulate the production and use of ATP. If these regulatory processes go wrong, some diseases may occur, indicating that ATP is important for cell health. ATP is a core part of cellular energy metabolism. Understanding its synthesis, use, and regulation process can not only help us better understand the operation of cells, but also may provide new methods for treating diseases related to energy metabolism.

ATP; Cellular energy metabolism; Oxidative phosphorylation; F-ATP synthase; AMPK; Mitochondrial function; Energy homeostasis