Zhongying Liu , Wei Wang

Institute of Life Science, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, China
Author    Correspondence author
Journal of Energy Bioscience, 2025, Vol. 16, No. 4   
Received: 29 Jun., 2025    Accepted: 08 Aug., 2025    Published: 19 Aug., 2025

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Under conditions of high temperature and drought, C3 crops such as wheat experience increased photorespiration, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and limited yield. The C4 photosynthetic pathway has a high efficiency in carbon dioxide concentration and good utilization rates of water and nutrients, and is regarded as an important direction for increasing the yield of C3 crops. Recent studies have found that there are C4-related genes in wheat and they are expressed in tissues such as grains. In plants such as rice, the exogenous expression of some C4 enzymes has been achieved. However, there are still challenges in constructing the C4 pathway in wheat, such as cell-specific expression, Kranz structure reconstruction, and complex gene regulatory networks. By integrating methods such as systems biology and gene editing, this study aims to promote the realization of the C4 mechanism in wheat, providing solutions for food security and climate change.

C4 Photosynthetic pathway; Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); Genetic engineering; Photosynthetic efficiency; Systems biology