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Author    Correspondence author
Computational Molecular Biology, 2026, Vol. 16, No. 1   
Received: 14 Jan., 2026    Accepted: 17 Feb., 2026    Published: 28 Feb., 2026

This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Rhizospheric microorganisms associated with leguminous crops constitute a vital component in maintaining the stability of agroecosystems and promoting healthy plant growth; their diversity and functions directly influence soil nutrient cycling, nitrogen fixation efficiency, and crop stress tolerance. This study presents a comprehensive review of rhizospheric microbial diversity in leguminous crops, systematically analyzing the characteristics of the rhizosphere microenvironment, the composition of microbial communities, and their ecological functions. Particular emphasis is placed on exploring the roles of various microorganisms-including bacteria, fungi, and archaea-in plant nutrient uptake, disease suppression, and the maintenance of soil health. Furthermore, the article summarizes the primary factors influencing rhizospheric microbial diversity-such as plant genotype, tillage systems, fertilization methods, and environmental conditions-and introduces the application of modern research technologies, including high-throughput sequencing, metagenomics, and bioinformatics, in the study of rhizosphere microecology. Additionally, using soybean cropping systems as a case study, the paper analyzes variations in microbial community structure under different cultivation patterns and discusses their significance for sustainable agricultural development. Finally, this study outlines the challenges currently facing this field of research and identifies future directions-such as synthetic microbiomes, precision agriculture, and microbial engineering-with the aim of providing a theoretical foundation for the green and efficient production of leguminous crops and the effective management of agroecosystems.

Leguminous crops; Rhizospheric microorganisms; Microbial diversity; Symbiotic nitrogen fixation; Sustainable agriculture